Wopanga Mabotolo A Anchor Wapamwamba Kwambiri
I. Ma nangula ooneka ngati 7 (maboluti ooneka ngati 7)
1. Tanthauzo ndi kapangidwe ka mankhwala
Nangula wooneka ngati 7 amatchedwa dzinali chifukwa mbali imodzi ya boluti imapindika mu mawonekedwe a "7". Ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yofunikira kwambiri ya maboluti omangira. Kapangidwe kake kamakhala ndi thupi la ndodo yolumikizidwa ndi mbedza yooneka ngati L. Gawo la mbedza limakwiriridwa mu maziko a konkriti ndipo limalumikizidwa ku zida kapena kapangidwe ka chitsulo kudzera mu nati kuti likhale lolimba.
2. Zipangizo ndi makhalidwe apakati
Zipangizo: Chitsulo cha kaboni cha Q235 chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri (mphamvu yapakati, mtengo wotsika), chitsulo cha aloyi chotsika cha Q345 (mphamvu yayikulu) kapena chitsulo cha aloyi cha 40Cr (mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri), pamwamba pake pakhoza kukhala galvanized (hot-dip galvanized kapena electro-galvanized) kuti chiteteze dzimbiri.
Mawonekedwe:
Kukhazikitsa kosinthasintha: Kapangidwe ka mbedza kamawonjezera mphamvu yogwirira konkire ndipo ndi koyenera kukonza zida zazing'ono ndi zapakati;
Kugwira ntchito kotulutsa: Kugwirana kwa makina pakati pa mbedza ndi konkire kumalimbana ndi mphamvu yokoka mmwamba;
Kukhazikika: Kumagwirizana ndi miyezo ya dziko monga GB/T 799, ndipo zofunikira zake ndi zosankha kuyambira M16 mpaka M56.
3. Ntchito ndi zochitika zoyenera
Ntchito:
Konzani mizati ya kapangidwe ka chitsulo, maziko a nyale za pamsewu, ndi zida zazing'ono zamakanika;
Zinthu zonyamula katundu zosasunthika, monga mafelemu omangira nyumba ndi mabulaketi a zikwangwani.
Chitsanzo:
Uinjiniya wa boma (nyali za mumsewu, zizindikiro za magalimoto), mafakitale opangira zitsulo zopepuka, ndi zida zapakhomo (monga mabulaketi akunja a zida zoziziritsira mpweya).
4. Kukhazikitsa ndi kukonza
Kukhazikitsa:
Sungani mabowo mu maziko a konkriti, ikani maziko ooneka ngati 7 ndikuyikapo;
Limbitsani zidazo ndi mtedza ndipo sinthani mulingo wake mukamaziyika.
Kusamalira: Yang'anani kulimba kwa mtedza nthawi zonse, ndipo gawo lowonongeka la galvanized liyenera kupakidwanso utoto kuti liteteze dzimbiri.
5. Malangizo ogulira
Sankhani zipangizo malinga ndi katundu: Q235 ndi yoyenera zochitika wamba, Q345 ndi yoyenera katundu wambiri (monga milatho);
Kutalika kwa mbedza kuyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za kuya kwa manda a konkriti (nthawi zambiri kuwirikiza nthawi 25 kuposa kukula kwa bolt).
II. Nangula wa mbale wowotcherera (boluti ya nangula wa mbale wowotcherera)
1. Tanthauzo ndi kapangidwe ka mankhwala
Nangula wa mbale yolumikizidwayo amakhala ndi ndodo yolumikizidwa, pedi yolumikizidwayo ndi nthiti yolimba. Pediyo imakhazikika ndi mabolts mwa kuwotcherera kuti ipange kapangidwe kogwirizana ka "bolt + pedi". Pediyo imawonjezera malo olumikizirana ndi konkriti, imabalalitsa katundu ndikuwonjezera kukhazikika.
2. Zipangizo ndi makhalidwe apakati
Zipangizo:
Bolt: Q235, Q355 kapena 42CrMo chitsulo champhamvu kwambiri;
Pad: Mbale yachitsulo ya Q235, makulidwe 10-20mm, kukula kopangidwa malinga ndi katundu.
Mawonekedwe:
Kulemera kwakukulu: Pedi imafalitsa kupanikizika ndipo imatha kupirira katundu kuyambira matani angapo mpaka matani makumi;
Choletsa chivomerezi komanso chosagwedezeka: Kapangidwe kake kolumikizidwa kamachepetsa chiopsezo chomasuka ndipo ndi koyenera kugwedezeka m'malo ozungulira;
Choletsa dzimbiri komanso cholimba: Chonsecho chimapangidwa ndi galvanized kapena penti, choyenera malo ovuta monga mankhwala ndi za m'nyanja.
3. Ntchito ndi zochitika zoyenera
Ntchito:
Konzani zida zolemera (monga ma reactor, ng'anjo zopangira zitsulo), nyumba zazikulu zachitsulo (milatho, nsanja zamagetsi);
Pewani kudulidwa ndi kupotoka kopingasa kuti zitsimikizire kuti zipangizo zikugwira ntchito bwino kwa nthawi yayitali.
Chitsanzo:
Uinjiniya wamagetsi (zipangizo za substation), makampani opanga mankhwala (matanki osungira, ma reactor), mafakitale a zitsulo (zipangizo zozungulira).
4. Kukhazikitsa ndi kukonza
Kukhazikitsa:
Phazi la mbale yolumikizira limayikidwa mu maziko a konkriti, ndipo thabwalo limalumikizidwa ku ukonde wachitsulo;
Zipangizo zikayikidwa, zimalumikizidwa ku pedi ndi maboliti, ndipo pamafunika cholumikizira cha torque kuti zitsimikizire kuti katunduyo wayamba kale.
Kusamalira: Yang'anani nthawi zonse umphumphu wa chosungunula kuti mupewe dzimbiri ndi kutayika kwa mphamvu.
5. Malangizo ogulira
Sankhani kukula kwa padi malinga ndi kulemera ndi kuchuluka kwa kugwedezeka kwa zida (monga, padi ya 200x200mm imatha kunyamula matani opitilira 5);
Njira yowotcherera iyenera kutsatira muyezo wa GB/T 5185, ndipo ndodo yowotcherera iyenera kufanana ndi mtundu wa chitsulo (monga Q235 imagwiritsa ntchito ndodo yowotcherera ya E43).
III. Nangula wa chogwirira cha ambulera (boluti ya mtundu wa J/chogwirira cha ambulera cholumikizidwa)
1. Tanthauzo ndi kapangidwe ka mankhwala
Nangula wa chogwirira cha ambulera amatchedwa chifukwa kumapeto kwa bolt ndi mbedza yooneka ngati J (yofanana ndi chogwirira cha ambulera). Ili ndi ndodo yolumikizidwa ndi mbedza yooneka ngati J. Gawo la mbedza limayikidwa kwathunthu mu konkriti kuti lipereke kukana kukoka.
2. Zipangizo ndi makhalidwe apakati
Zipangizo: Chitsulo cha kaboni cha Q235 (chachizolowezi), chitsulo cha aloyi cha Q345 (champhamvu kwambiri), chopangidwa ndi galvanized pamwamba kapena phosphating.
Mawonekedwe:
Kuyika kosinthika pasadakhale: Kutalika kwa mbedza kumatha kusinthidwa kuti kukwaniritse zofunikira zosiyanasiyana za kuzama kwa maliro;
Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama: Kukonza kosavuta, mtengo wotsika poyerekeza ndi zomangira mbale zolumikizidwa;
Kukana dzimbiri: Chophimbacho chimatha kupirira dzimbiri ndipo chimakhala ndi moyo woposa zaka 10.
3. Ntchito ndi zochitika zoyenera
Ntchito:
Konzani zitsulo zazing'ono ndi zapakatikati, nsanamira za nyale za pamsewu, ndi makina ang'onoang'ono;
Yoyenera kukhazikitsidwa kwakanthawi kapena kosatha, yosavuta kusokoneza.
Chitsanzo:
Nyali za m'misewu ya boma, zikwangwani, zida zaulimi, mafakitale ang'onoang'ono.
4. Kukhazikitsa ndi kukonza
Kukhazikitsa:
Bowolani dzenje pa maziko a konkriti, ikani nangula wa chogwirira cha ambulera ndikutsanulira;
Mukayika zidazo, zimangeni ndi nati, ndipo njira ya mbedza iyenera kugwirizana ndi njira ya mphamvu.
Kusamalira: Pewani kusintha kwa mabawuti chifukwa cha kulimba kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zonse onani ngati konkire yasweka.
5. Malangizo ogulira
Sankhani kutalika kwa mbedza malinga ndi kuya kolowetsedwa (mwachitsanzo ngati kuya kolowetsedwa kuli 300mm, kutalika kwa mbedza kungakhale 200mm);
Ndikofunikira kusankha zinthu zothira m'madzi otentha pamalo onyowa kwambiri, ndipo mayeso a mchere ayenera kukhala maola opitilira 72.
Ⅳ. Chitsogozo choyerekeza ndi kusankha cha otsogolera atatu akuluakulu
Mtundu wa nangula wooneka ngati 7 Nangula wa mbale yoweyulidwa Nangula wogwirizira wa ambulera
Ubwino wapakati Kukhazikika, mtengo wotsika Mphamvu yonyamula katundu wambiri, kukana kugwedezeka Kuyika zinthu mosinthasintha, kotsika mtengo
Katundu wogwiritsidwa ntchito: matani 1-5, matani 5-50, matani 1-3
Zochitika wamba Magetsi a mumsewu, nyumba zopepuka zachitsulo Milatho, zida zolemera Nyumba zakanthawi, makina ang'onoang'ono
Njira yokhazikitsira Kuyika + kukhomerera mtedza Kuyika + cholumikizira cholumikizira + kukhomerera mtedza
Kukana dzimbiri Kukaniza kwa maginito (kwachizolowezi) Kukaniza kwa maginito otentha + kupaka utoto (kukana dzimbiri kwambiri) Kukaniza kwa maginito (kwachizolowezi)
Malangizo osankha:
Zosowa zachuma: Nangula zogwirira maambulera ndi zomwe zimakondedwa, poganizira mtengo ndi ntchito yake;
Zofunikira pakukhala ndi bata lalikulu: Ma nangula a mbale zolumikizidwa ndi chisankho choyamba pa zipangizo zolemera;
Zochitika zokhazikika: Ma nangula okhala ndi mawonekedwe 7 ndi oyenera zosowa zambiri zachikhalidwe zokonzera.
